The array_unique is used to removes duplicate values from an array.

Description

The array_unique() function removes duplicate values from an array. This function take an input array and returns a new array without duplicate values. If two or more array values are the same, the first appearance will be kept and the other will be removed.

Read Also : Remove Last Element From An Array In PHP

Syntax

array_unique(array)

Examples

Example #1

<?php
$input = array("Apple", "Banana", "Banana", "Cherry", "Mango", "Mango", "Orange");
$result = array_unique($input);
print_r($result);
?>

In the above example i have “Banana”, “Mango” values are repeated two times in an array but when i use array_unique() function then it will return only unique value as below output:

Array
(
    [0] => Apple
    [1] => Banana
    [3] => Cherry
    [4] => Mango
    [6] => Orange
)

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In simple words, a variable is a name of memory location that holds data. A variable is a temporary storage that is used to store data temporarily.

What is Variables in PHP

• Areas of memory set aside by the programmer to store data and assigned a name by the programmer. These variables can then be used for such things as temporary storage during calculations.
• A PHP variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable.
• Variables works as containers for storing data.
• A variable name can not start with a number.
• Variable name are case-sensitive(ex: $color, $COLOR both are different).
• Variable can contains alpha-numeric values and special symbols.
• PHP variables must start with letter or underscore

EXAMPLE-

<?php
$x = 5;
$y = 6;
echo $x * $y;
?>

OUTPUT:
30

Loosely Typed Language
PHP is a loosely typed language because its automatically converts variable to correct data-types.
In other languages such as C, C++, and Java, it is must to declare the name and type of the variable before using it.

Variable Declaration

  $variable_name = value;  

Variable Scope

Scope can be defined range of availability.Variables can be declared anywhere in the script.There are 3 type of variables in PHP.

• local variable
• global variable
• static variable

Local Variable –  A Local variable declared inside a function.These variables have local scope and can not be accessed outside a function.

<?php
function testFunction() {
    $var = 10; // local scope
    echo "<p>Variable var inside function is: $var</p>";
}
testFunction();
echo "<p>Variable var outside function is: $var</p>";
?>

OUTPUT:
Variable var inside function is: 10
Variable var outside function is:

Global Variable – A Global variable declared outside a function.These variables have Global scope and can only be accessed outside a function.

<?php
$var = 10; // global scope
function testFunction() {
   echo "<p>Variable var inside function is: $var</p>";
} 
testFunction();
echo "<p>Variable var outside function is: $var</p>";
?>

OUTPUT: 
Variable var inside function is:
Variable var outside function is: 10

Static Variable –When a function is executed, its all variables are deleted. However, we want a local variable NOT to be deleted. We need it for a further job.
You can declare a variable to be static simply by placing the keyword STATIC in front of the variable name.

<?php
function testFunction() {
    static $x = 10;
    echo $x;
    $x--;
}

testFunction();
echo "<br>";
testFunction();
echo "<br>";
testFunction();
?>

OUTPUT:
10
9
8

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PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.

History of PHP

PHP created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994.
It started as a collection of UNIX specific HTTP server modules.
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) are written in C Language.
PHP modules managed by PHP Parser.

What is PHP?

PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language.
PHP is free to download.
It is a recursive acronym for “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”.
PHP code is embedded within HTML pages.
Enclosed within the special start and end tags

<?php and ?>

The processing of PHP

When you use a browser to display a web page on your computer, the remote web server reads the PHP and processes it according to the code. The PHP processor then sends the generated HTML to your web browser.
So PHP creates an HTML page on the fly based on the coding that you have created in the PHP page.

According to above image client is your local computer, while the Server is the remote computer which will be a web server.

Design goals of PHP

Web was first priority

1) Easy access to HTTP variables
2) Build in support for sessions and cookies

Database Interaction

1) Support for many database
2) Command-line scripting
3) It can be embedded in XML

Some Characteristics of PHP

1) Simplicity
2) Efficiency
3) Security
4) Flexibility
5) Familiarity

Why PHP?

1) PHP can interact with many different database languages including MySQL.
2) PHP and MySQL are compatible with an Apache server.
3) It have ability to develop client side application for any platform.
4) PHP is a free and open source platform.

PHP Application In The World

Around 20 million or more Websites including:
WordPress: It is the biggest blogging system on the web.
Facebook: It is the largest social network.
Yahoo: It is a web service provider.

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